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FluorPen FP 100

FluorPen is a portable, battery-powered fluorometer that enables quick and precise measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the laboratory, greenhouse, or in the field. It can be effectively used for studying photosynthetic activity, stress detection, herbicide testing, or mutant screening. Affordable price and straight-forward two-button operation makes the FluorPen a perfect tool for teaching photosynthesis.

The basic model measures two parameters:

• F_T - continuous fluorescence yield in non-actinic light. F_Tis equivalent to F₀ if the leaf sample is dark-adapted.
• QY - Photosystem II quantum yield. QY is equivalent to F_V/F_M in dark-adapted samples and to F_{V '} /F_{M '} in light-adapted samples.

FluorPen With the GPS Module; FluorPen With a Mini-Computer.

In addition, more sophisticated FluorPen models, e.g., FluorPen FP 100-MAX, include protocols for measuring commonly used chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as:

• OJIP - Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction Kinetics.
• NPQ - Non-Photochemical Quenching.
• Light Curve - Photosystem II Quantum Yield estimated from fluorescence that is measured sequentially in several different light levels.

Measured data are sequentially stored in the FluorPen memory and may be recalled for transcription to a computer. FluorPen 1.0 software provides visualization and data transfer routines. A customer can pick up from three communication modules: Bluetooth, USB dongle, or serial cable connection.

NPQ Protocol Includes Five Measurements in Actinic Light
and Three Measurements During Dark Relaxation.
NPQ_Ln = (FM - FM_Ln) / FM_Ln
NPQ_Lss = (FM - FM_Lss) / FM_Lss
NPQ_Dn = (FM – FM_Dn) / FM_Dn

Light Curve Protocol: Adaptation of QY to Six Different Light Levels

Applications:

• Photosynthesis research
• Photosynthesis education
• Plant & molecular biology
• Agriculture
• Forestry
• Biotechnology

FluorPens in Antarctica Research

Software:

• FluorPen 1.0 software (Windows 2000, XP, or higher compatible*)
• Bluetooth, USB or serial communication
• Real-time and remote control functions
• GPS mapping plug-in
• Export to Microsoft Excel

FluorPen Software Window: OJIP Curves With Data Sheet

Explanation of OJIP Parameters in the FluorPen:

• Bckg = background
• F₀: = F50µs; fluorescence intensity at 50 µs
• F_J: = fluorescence intensity at j-step (at 2 ms)
• F_i: = fluorescence intensity at i-step (at 60 ms)
• F_M: = maximal fluorescence intensity
• F_V: = F_M - F₀ (maximal variable fluorescence)
• V_J = (F_J - F₀) / (F_M - F₀)
• V_i = (F_i - F₀) / (F_M - F₀)
• F_M / F₀
• F_V / F₀
• F_V/ F_M
• M₀ or (dV / dt)₀ = TR₀ / RC - ET₀ / RC = 4 (F₃₀₀ - F₀) / (F_M - F₀)
• Area = area between fluorescence curve and F_M (background subtracted)
• Fix Area = total area above the OJIP fluorescence transient - between F_40µ and F_1s(background subtracted)
• S_M = area / F_M - F₀ (multiple turn-over)
• S_s = the smallest Sm turn-over (single turn-over)
• N = S_M . M₀ . (1 / V_J) turn-over number Q_A
• Phi_P₀ = 1 - (F₀ / F_M (or F_V / F_M)
• Psi_₀ = 1 - V_J
• Phi_E₀ = (1 - F₀ / F_M)) . Psi_₀
• Phi_D₀ = 1 - Phi_P₀ - (F₀ / F_M)
• Phi_Pav = Phi_P₀ - (S_M / t_FM); t_FM) = Time to reach F_M (in ms)
• ABS / RC = M₀ . (1 / V_J) . (1 / Phi_P₀)
• TR₀ / RC = M₀ . (1 / V_J)
• ET₀ / RC = M₀ . (1 / V_J) . Phi_₀)
• DI₀ / RC = (ABS / RC) - (TR₀ / RC)

Formulas Derived From:
R.J. Strasser, A. Srivastava and M. Tsimilli-Michael (2000): The fluorescence transient as a tool to characterize and screen photosynthetic samples. In: Probing Photosynthesis: Mechanism, Regulation and Adaptation (M. Yunus, U. Pathre and P. Mohanty, eds.), Taylor and Francis, UK, Chapter 25, pp 445-483.

Transport Case

FluorPenFP 100-MAX-W With an "Open-Window" Leaf-Clip

Technical Specification:

• Measured/Calculated Parameters:
  F₀ , F_T , F_M , F_{M '} , QY, OJIP*, NPQ*, Light Curve 1*, and Light Curve 2*
• Actinic and Saturating Light:
  Adjustable from 0 to 3,000 µmol(photon).m^-2.s^-1
• Measuring Light:
  Adjustable by intensity
• Detector Wavelength Range:
  PIN photodiode with 697 to 750 nm bandpass filters
• FluorPen 1.0 Software:
  Windows 2000, XP, or higher**
• Memory Capacity:
  Up to 4 Mb
• Internal Data Logging:
  Up to 100,000 data points
• Display:
  2 x 8 characters LC display
• Keypad:
  Sealed, 2-key tactile response
• Keypad Escape Time:
  Turns off after 5 minutes of no use
• Power Supply:
  4 AAA alkaline or rechargeable batteries
• Battery Life:
  48 hours typical with full operation
• Low Battery Detection:
  Low battery indication displayed
• Size:
  120 mm x 57 mm x 30 mm 4.7" x 2.2" x 1.2"
• Weight:
  180 g, 6.5 oz
• Sample Holder:
  Mechanical leaf clip
• Operating Conditions:
  Temperature: 0 to 55 ºC; 32 to 130 ºF Relative humidity: 0 to 95 % (non-condensing)
• Storage Conditions:
  Temperature: -10 to +60 ºC; 14 to +140 ºF Relative humidity: 0 to 95 % (non-condensing)
• Warranty:
  1 year parts and labor

* Only in the FluorPen FP 100-MAX or the FluorPen models including protocol update.
** Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation

References:

• Harding S.A. et al. (2009): J. Exp. Botany 60 (12): 3443-3452.
• Zhang M. et al. (2009): Ecology and Environmemtal Sciences 18 (6): 2272-2277.
• Klem K. and Bajerova E. (2008): AgEng 2008 Conference, Hersonissos, Crete.