Superhead Standard Fluorometer FL 3500/S
The core of the SuperHead Standard Fluorometer is the measuring optical head containing a standard cuvette for sample suspensions (10 x 10 mm base, up to 4 ml of internal volume). The measuring head is supplied with three sets of light-emitting diodes and a PIN diode detector with 500 kHz/16-bit AD converter. Gain and integration time of the converter are software controlled. The detector can measure Chl-fluorescence signal with time resolution up to 4 µs. The instrument has two input channels.
Typical Samples:
- Chloroplasts & thylakoids
- Algae & cyanobacteria
- Small leaves or leaf segments
Fluorometer-Supported Investigations:
- Fluorescence induction
- Pulse amplitude modulation measurements (PAM)
- Fast OJIP transient capture
- Rapid measurements of QA-reoxidation kinetics
- State transitions
- Quenching parameters
- Photochemical yields
- Determination of the effective antenna size in Photosystem II
State Transitions Capture
The Fluorometer is supplied with three, optionally four, sets of light-emitting diodes that generate:
- Measuring flashes, typically 2-5 µs long. Standard color: red-orange, λmax=617 nm, or blue, λmax=455 nm.
- Single-turnover saturating flashes, typically 20-50 µs long. Standard color: red, λmax=630 nm.
- Continuous actinic light. The maximum intensity is 2,500 µmol(photons).m-2.s-1. Standard color: red, λmax=630 nm, or blue, λmax=455 nm.
- Additional far-red light (λmax=735 nm) for Photosystem I excitation (optional).
Fluorometer FL 3500 Light Scheme / Spectral Characteristics
Light intensities and timing are software controlled separately for each LED set. The data are processed and the instrument is controlled by the FluorWin software (Windows 95/98/2000/XP compatible). As an option, the customer can also choose light-emitting diodes of different wavelengths. Contact PSI for your specific needs.
The instrument capacity can be enhanced by accurate temperature regulation provided by the Thermoregulator and/or Magnetic Stirrer. To learn more about these devices, click: Thermoregulator and Magnetic Stirrer.
Thermoregulator / Magnetic Stirrer
FluorWin Software:
- Creation and archivation of experimental protocols.
- FluorWin Wizard for automated protocols.
- Retrieval and export of experimental data.
- Data manipulation and visualization.
FluorWin Software: Wizard / Graph Window
References:
- Trtilek M. et al. (1997): J. Lumin. 72 (74): 597-599.
- Skotnica J. et al. (2000): Photosynth. Res. 65 (1): 29-40.
- Mock T. and Kroon B.M.A. (2002): Phytochemistry 61, pp. 41-51.
- Mock T. and Valentin K. (2004): J. Phycol. 40, pp. 732-741.
- Nedbal L. et al. (2005): Photosynth. Res. 84: 99-106.
- Shlyk-Kerner O. et al. (2006): Nature 442: 827-830.
- Vaczi P. and Bartak M. (2006): Biol. Plant. 50 (2): 257-264.
- Lazar D. (2006): Functional Plant Biology 33 (1): 9-30.
Add to CartThermoregulator TR 2000 - Price: 2.999,- €
Add to CartMagnetic Stirrer - Price: 998,- €
Add to CartOxygen Detector - Price: 1.500,- €
Add to CartInfra-Red LED Unit - Price: 1.490,- €
Add to CartSubmersible Head - Price: 3.490,- €
Add to CartSuperHead - Price: 3.490,- €
Add to CartOptional Features and Accessories:
Thermoregulator TR 2000
Provides precise temperature control in the range of 0°C to +70°C with an accuracy of 0.1°C. Includes control unit and temperature controller.
Magnetic Stirrer
Allows continuous, uniform stirring; can be controlled by the Fluorometer Control Unit.
Oxygen Detector
For oxygen detection based on dynamic quenching of fluorescence.
Infra-Red LED Unit
Allows measuring Fo' and PAR absorbance.
Submersible Head
For underwater experiments. Operating depth ca 1 m.
SuperHead
Enables measuring QA-reoxidation and fast induction in elder fluorometers. Includes 4 (optionally more) LED units and PIN diode detector with AD converter.
